Big Number - High precision math ops
Sylvester - Vector & Matrix API
SylvesterClosure - Rewrite of Sylvester to support Google Closure Compiler annotations (better perf).
jStat - statistical library
numeric - numerical analysis
math.js - extensive math library
science.js - science and math library
mathjax.js - library for displaying mathematical equations using LaTeX math and MathML markup
rift - math functions for games
unique-random - Generate random numbers that are consecutively unique