EnyoJS - Framework from HP WebOS
jquip - jQuery in parts
Sammy - Built on top of jQuery
Prototype - See also script.aculo.us
Ojay - YUI wrapper (provides chaining etc.)
Atoms.js - JavaScript UI Framework inspired from Flex and Silverlight.
Ender - Novel, open, next level, modular JavaScript. no-library library
Atom - Atom is compact JavaScript framework oriented on modern browsers, which allows to support quite broad list of features without keeping a lot of cruft necessary to implement them in old browsers. MIT/LGPL.
Chaplin: great application structure on top of backbone.js.
neon - The fat-free open source Javascript framework. Weighs less than 4k minified and gzipped.
faux - Uses Backbone.js. Demo application.
scaleApp - scalable with loosely coupled modules. Demo application.
OriginJS - A very simple and flexible yet powerful client side router.
AmplifyJS - a set of components designed to solve common web application problems with a simplistic API